Optimal. Leaf size=88 \[ -\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\log \left (1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\log \left (1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.04, antiderivative size = 88, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 9, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.600, Rules used = {1360, 1178,
642, 1175, 632, 210} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {2 x+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\log \left (x^2-\sqrt {3} x+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\log \left (x^2+\sqrt {3} x+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 210
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 1175
Rule 1178
Rule 1360
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{1+x^4+x^8} \, dx &=\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1-x^2}{1-x^2+x^4} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1+x^2}{1+x^2+x^4} \, dx\\ &=\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {1}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {1}{1+x+x^2} \, dx-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {3}+2 x}{-1-\sqrt {3} x-x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {3}-2 x}{-1+\sqrt {3} x-x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {3}}\\ &=-\frac {\log \left (1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\log \left (1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+2 x\right )-\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+2 x\right )\\ &=-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\log \left (1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {\log \left (1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.01, size = 68, normalized size = 0.77 \begin {gather*} \frac {2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {-1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )+2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-\log \left (-1+\sqrt {3} x-x^2\right )+\log \left (1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.03, size = 67, normalized size = 0.76
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x +1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {\ln \left (1+x^{2}-x \sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{12}+\frac {\ln \left (1+x^{2}+x \sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{12}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{6}\) | \(67\) |
risch | \(\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {x \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{6}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {x^{3} \sqrt {3}}{3}+\frac {2 x \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{6}+\frac {\ln \left (1+x^{2}+x \sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{12}-\frac {\ln \left (1+x^{2}-x \sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{12}\) | \(68\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.38, size = 70, normalized size = 0.80 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{3} + 2 \, x\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} x\right ) + \frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \log \left (\frac {x^{4} + 5 \, x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left (x^{3} + x\right )} + 1}{x^{4} - x^{2} + 1}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [A]
time = 0.07, size = 82, normalized size = 0.93 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {3} \cdot \left (2 \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{3} \right )} + 2 \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x^{3}}{3} + \frac {2 \sqrt {3} x}{3} \right )}\right )}{12} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \log {\left (x^{2} - \sqrt {3} x + 1 \right )}}{12} + \frac {\sqrt {3} \log {\left (x^{2} + \sqrt {3} x + 1 \right )}}{12} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 4.43, size = 66, normalized size = 0.75 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {3} x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {3} x + 1\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.04, size = 40, normalized size = 0.45 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {3}\,\left (\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {2\,\sqrt {3}\,x}{3\,\left (\frac {2\,x^2}{3}-\frac {2}{3}\right )}\right )-\mathrm {atanh}\left (\frac {2\,\sqrt {3}\,x}{3\,\left (\frac {2\,x^2}{3}+\frac {2}{3}\right )}\right )\right )}{6} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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